Semiconductor Fundamentals Quiz

Semiconductor Fundamentals Quiz: Test Your Core Knowledge in 20 Minutes

⚠️ Attention: In this quiz, 23 questions will be asked within 20 minutes. Negative marking of ¼ (0.25) point is applied for each wrong answer.

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Important One-Liner (Semiconductor Fundamentals Quiz)

• Semiconductors are materials whose electrical conductivity lies between that of conductors and insulators only.
• The conductivity of semiconductors increases with temperature due to increased charge carrier generation.
• Doping introduces impurities into pure semiconductors to control their electrical properties precisely.
• Intrinsic semiconductors are pure, with conductivity determined solely by thermally generated carriers.
• Extrinsic semiconductors are doped, forming either n-type or p-type materials with majority carriers.
• N-type semiconductors have extra electrons donated by pentavalent dopant atoms in the crystal lattice.
• P-type semiconductors have holes created by trivalent dopant atoms accepting electrons from the lattice.
• The PN junction is the fundamental building block of diodes, transistors, and many semiconductor devices.
• At the depletion region of a PN junction, mobile carriers are depleted leaving charged ions fixed in place.
• Forward bias reduces the barrier potential at the PN junction, allowing current to flow easily.
• Reverse bias widens the depletion region, preventing current flow except for a tiny leakage current.
• The breakdown voltage is the reverse voltage at which a PN junction begins significant conduction.
• Silicon and germanium are the most widely used semiconductor base materials in electronics industry.
• Bandgap energy determines the minimum energy required to excite an electron into the conduction band.
• Direct bandgap semiconductors efficiently emit light, making them ideal for LEDs and laser diodes.
• The Hall effect measurement reveals carrier concentration, mobility, and type of majority carriers.
• Carrier lifetime reflects the average time a free electron or hole exists before recombination.
• Recombination mechanisms include radiative, Auger, and Shockley-Read-Hall processes in semiconductors.
• Minority carrier diffusion length is the average distance a minority carrier travels before recombination.
• Drift current arises when carriers move under the influence of an electric field in the semiconductor.
• Diffusion current arises due to carrier concentration gradients within the semiconductor material.
• MOS capacitors form the basis of MOSFET devices in advanced integrated circuits and memory chips.
• Bipolar junction transistors utilize both electron and hole injection for amplification and switching.
• Semiconductor manufacturing involves photolithography, etching, doping, and thin-film deposition techniques.
• Moore’s Law observes that transistor density on integrated circuits doubles approximately every two years.

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