Ultimate Construction of Transformer Quiz: Test Your Expertise in 20 Minutes!
⚠️ Attention: This quiz contains 23 questions to be answered within 20 minutes. Negative marking of 1/4 point is applied for each incorrect answer.
Important one liner (Construction of Transformer Quiz)
- The transformer's core is built from thin silicon steel laminations to minimize both eddy current and hysteresis losses, ensuring efficient magnetic flux conduction.
- Primary and secondary windings consist of copper or aluminum conductors wound in precise configurations to achieve the desired turns ratio and voltage transformation.
- Insulating materials such as Kraft paper, Nomex, and epoxy resin are placed between winding layers to maintain dielectric strength and prevent electrical breakdown.
- Layer and disc winding techniques distribute heat evenly and improve thermal performance, reducing hotspots during high-load operation.
- ONAN (Oil Natural Air Natural) and ONAF (Oil Natural Air Forced) cooling methods manage transformer temperature by circulating insulating oil and air effectively.
- A conservator tank compensates for oil expansion and contraction, preventing moisture ingress and maintaining proper insulation levels.
- Tubular radiators or corrugated fins increase the surface area for oil cooling, dissipating heat into the ambient environment.
- On-load tap changers enable voltage regulation under load without interrupting the power supply, adjusting the turns ratio dynamically.
- Buchholz relays detect gas accumulation from internal arcing or faults, providing early warning and tripping the transformer if necessary.
- Pressure relief valves protect the transformer by venting excessive internal pressure caused by short circuits or thermal runaway.
- Bushings with composite or porcelain insulation allow conductors to pass through the tank wall while preserving the oil seal and dielectric integrity.
- Interleaved winding structures reduce leakage inductance and improve voltage regulation, especially in distribution and power transformers.
- Ferrite cores in high-frequency transformers offer low core losses at switching frequencies for applications like SMPS and induction heating.
- Silicon steel laminations, typically 0.23–0.35 mm thick, strike a balance between manufacturing cost and reduction of eddy current losses.
- Dry-type transformers use epoxy resin or air insulation to eliminate flammable oil, enhancing safety in indoor and mobile installations.
- Magnetic shunts or shielding plates control stray flux paths, reducing electromagnetic interference and stray losses in nearby equipment.
- Core clamping and bolting maintain mechanical stability, preventing vibration and noise caused by magnetostriction in the steel.
- The transformer's turns ratio test verifies accurate voltage transformation and ensures each winding has the correct number of turns.
- Dielectric impulse and power-frequency tests validate the insulation system's ability to withstand lightning surges and switching stresses.
- Oil-based purification systems remove moisture, dissolved gases, and particulates, extending transformer life and reliability.
- Thermal monitoring devices, such as RTDs and fibre-optic sensors, continuously track winding and oil temperature to prevent overheating.
- Transformer design choices—core-type, shell-type, or Berry-type—depend on power rating, footprint constraints, and voltage class.
- Tapped winding connections are clearly marked on the casing to assist maintenance personnel in selecting the correct voltage.
- Routine maintenance includes oil sampling, infrared thermography, and acoustic partial discharge testing to detect incipient faults.
Keywords: Construction of Transformer, Transformer Construction Quiz, Transformer Core Laminations, Transformer Windings, Insulation in Transformers, Transformer Cooling Methods, Tap Changer Quiz, Transformer Design, Transformer Maintenance, Electrical Engineering Quiz