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Analog Electronics Polytechnic syllabus
ANALOG ELECTRONICS
L T P
4 - 4
RATIONALE
At present, electronic gadgets are being extensively used in various manufacturing processes
in industries, power system operations, communication systems, computers etc. Even for an
electrical diploma holder, it is absolutely necessary to have a basic understanding of electronic
components, their function and applications. This understanding should facilitate in operation
and maintenance equipment, which are electronically controlled.
In this course, topics like semi-conductor Diodes, Bipolar transistors, rectifiers, single stage
and multistage amplifiers and field effect transistors have been included.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After undergoing the subject, students will be able to:
• Use P.N. junction as rectifier
• Use Zener diode as voltage stabilizer
• Use bi-polar transistors and its application as an amplifier and as a switch
• Analyse amplifier and enhance the gain of amplifier
• Use unipolar transistors as amplifier
• Identify and testing of various active and passive components such as resistor, inductor,
capacitor, diode and transistor
DETAILED CONTENTS
1. Semiconductor Diodes (12 periods)
1.1 PN Junction, mechanism of current flow in PN junction, drift and diffusion
currents, depletion layer, potential barrier, effect of forward and reverse biasing
in a PN junction. Concept of junction capacitance in forward and reverse biased
conditions. Breakdown mechanism
1.2 Ideal diode, Semiconductor diode characteristics, static and dynamic resistance
1.3 Use of diode as half wave and full wave rectifiers (centre tapped and bridge
type), relation between DC output and AC input voltage, efficiency of rectifier
1.4 Concept of ripples, filter circuits – shunt capacitor, series inductor, and pie (π)
filters and their applications
1.5 Diode ratings/specifications
1.6 Various types of diodes such as zener diode, varactor diode, schottky diode,
light emitting diode, tunnel diode, photo diode; their working characteristics and
applications
1.7 Zener diode and its characteristics
1.8 Use of zener diode for voltage stabilization
2 Bi-polar Transistors (06 periods)
2.1 Concept of junction transistor, PNP and NPN transistors, their symbols and
mechanism of current flow
2.2 Transistor configurations: common base (CB), common emitter (CE) and
common collector (CC), current relation and their input/output characteristics;
comparison of the three configurations
3. Transistor Biasing and Stabilization (10 periods)
3.1 Transistor biasing, its need, operating point, effect of temperature on the
operating point of a transistor and need of stabilization of operating point.
3.2 Different biasing circuits, limitations, simple problems to calculate operating
point in different biasing circuits. Use of Thevenin’s theorem to determine
operating point
3.3 Concept of h-parameters of a transistor
3.4 Use of data book to know the parameters of a given transistor
4. Single-Stage Transistor Amplifiers (10 periods)
4.1 Single stage transistor amplifier circuit in CE configuration, function of each
component
4.2 Working of single stage transistor amplifier, physical and graphical explanation,
phase reversal
4.3 Concept of DC and AC load line
4.4 Voltage gain of single stage transistor amplifier using characteristics of the
device
4.5 Concept of input and output impedance
4.6 AC equivalent circuit of single stage transistor amplifiers
4.7 Calculation of voltage gain using AC equivalent circuit
4.8 Frequency response of a single stage transistor amplifier
5. Multi-Stage Transistor Amplifiers (10 periods)
5.1 Need of multi-stage transistor amplifiers – different types of couplings, their
purpose and applications.
5.2 Knowledge of various terms such as voltage gain, current gain, power gain,
frequency response, decibel gain and band width
5.3 RC coupled two-stage amplifiers, circuit details, working, frequency response,
applications
5.4 Loading effect in multistage amplifiers
5.5 Elementary idea about direct coupled amplifier, its limitations and applications
5.6 Transformer coupled amplifiers, its frequency response. Effect of co-efficient of
coupling on frequency response. Applications of transformer coupled amplifiers
6. Field Effect Transistor (FET) (08 periods)
6.1 Construction, operation, characteristics and applications of a N channel JFET
and P channel JFET
6.2 JFET as an amplifier
6.3 Types, construction, operation, characteristics and applications of a MOSFET
6.4 Comparison between BJT, JFET and MOSFET
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. a) Identification and testing of electronic components such as resistor, inductor,
capacitor, diode, transistor and different types of switches used in Electronic circuits
b) Measurement of resistances using multimeter and their comparison with colour code
values
2. To plot V-I characteristics of a Semiconductor diode and to calculate its static and
dynamic resistance
3. a) To plot V-I characteristics of a zenor diode and finding its reverse breakdown
voltage
b) Fabrication of a zenor diode voltage stabilizer circuit using PCB
4. Observation of input and output wave shapes of a half-wave rectifier and verification of
relationship between dc output and ac input voltage
5. Observation of input and output wave shapes of a full wave rectifier and verification of
relationship between dc and ac input voltage
6. Observation of input and output wave shapes of a full wave rectifier with (i) shunt
capacitor) (ii) series inductor (iii) Π filter circuits
7. Plotting input and output characteristics of a transistor in CB configuration
8. Plotting input and output characteristics of a transistor in CE configuration
9. Measurement of operating point in case of (i) fixed biased circuit (ii) potential divider
biasing circuit and to observe the effect of temperature variation on the operating point.
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY
This subject gives the knowledge of fundamental concepts of basic electronics. The teacher
should give emphasis on understanding of concepts and various term used in the subject. The
students be made familiar with diodes, transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors etc. and
electrical measuring instruments etc. Practical exercises will reinforce various concepts.
Application of Semiconductor Diodes, Transistors, Field Effect Transistors etc must be told to
students.
MEANS OF ASSESSMENT
- Assignments and quiz/class Tests
- Midterm and End-term tests
- Laboratory and Practical work
- Presentations
- Viva-Voce
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Basic Electronics and Linear Circuit by NN Bhargava, Kulshreshta and SC Gupta, Tata
McGraw Hill Education Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.
2. Principles of Electrical and Electronics Engineering by VK Mehta; S Chand and Co.,
New Delhi
3. Electronics Devices and Circuits by Millman and Halkias; McGraw Hill.
4. Electronic Devices and Circuits by Dharma Raj Cheruku and Battula Tirumala Krishna:
Pearson Education (Singapore) Pvt Ltd., Indian Branch, 482 F.I.E Patparganj, Delhi- 92
5. Basic Electronics by JB Gupta, SK Kataria and Sons, New Delhi
6. Electronics Devices and circuit by Boylested, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi